Benefits of low-fidelity simulations like Emergo Train System (ETS) for healthcare providers emergency preparedness: a scoping review study

This review compared large, realistic disaster drills with lower-cost tabletop-style simulations like the Emergo Train System (ETS). It found that low-fidelity simulations can produce many of the same learning benefits as full-scale exercises. Both types help staff practice triage, communication, teamwork, decision-making, and identify gaps in plans and resources. While live drills look more realistic, ETS creates similar time pressure and coordination challenges at much lower cost and disruption. The study suggests low-fidelity simulations are an effective, practical option for improving hospital preparedness for mass casualty incidents and major emergencies.