Hospital surge capacity preparedness in disasters and emergencies: a systematic review

This review summarizes how hospitals prepare for sudden patient surges during disasters. Effective surge capacity depends on four areas: staff, supplies, space, and systems. Key strategies include adding or cross-training staff, stockpiling and sharing supplies, expanding care space using non-clinical areas or early discharge, and improving coordination, planning, and communication systems. Tools like surge simulation models and preparedness indexes can help hospitals plan ahead. Major barriers include staff shortages, lack of supplies, weak coordination, and unclear planning standards. Overall, strong coordination, flexible resource use, and advance planning are critical to maintain care during emergencies.